BOX, Box, Inc.

Will it survive?

• Can it pay its interest? 7.8×
  Comfortable
  Operating income $83M ÷ interest expense $11M
  What this means

  Operating profit covers interest with the kind of margin Graham wanted for a defensive holding. Necessary, not sufficient, it says solvent, not cheap.

• How heavy is the debt, net of cash? +$27M
  Net cash
  Cash $375M + ST investments $103M − debt $451M
  What this means

  Cash and short-term investments exceed every dollar of debt by $27M, on net the company owes nothing, and can act from strength when others can't. Net debt is the leverage figure that matters: the cash is already set against the debt. Strategic or illiquid investments aren't counted here.

• How long is cash tied up? —
  Not enough data
  What this means

  The filing data didn't include the inputs for this check.

Is it a good business?

• Return on invested capital —
  Not meaningful here
  Invested capital ($223M) = debt $451M + equity ($299M) − cash
  Industry peers: median -2%
  What this means

  Invested capital is near zero or negative, usually years of buybacks pulling equity down. ROIC explodes or flips sign and stops meaning anything. Judge this one on Owner Earnings instead.

• Owner-earnings margin 18%
  High through the cycle
  8-yr median margin, range -4%–30%; latest $350M = operating cash $356M − maintenance capex $6M
  Industry peers: median 16%
  What this means

  What an owner could take out without starving the business: operating cash less the maintenance capital it must spend to hold its position — Buffett's owner earnings. That's 30% of revenue this year, a 18% median across 8 years. Treating stock comp as the real expense it is (less $234M of SBC) leaves $117M.

• Are earnings backed by cash? 3.09×
  Cash-backed
  Cash from ops $356M ÷ net income $115M

  In the filing’s words The filing leans on adjusted, non-GAAP earnings, but the GAAP profit is itself cash-backed — the adjustments are not papering over a cash shortfall here.

  What this means

  How much of reported profit showed up as operating cash. Above 1× is reassuring; well below suggests earnings lean on accruals. One year is noisy, growth and working-capital swings distort it, and this is operating cash, not free cash. Watch the multi-year trend.

How is the cash used?

• Where do the earnings go? 83%
  Returns about half
  Dividends + buybacks $290M ÷ Owner Earnings $350M — this fiscal year
  What this means

  Of $350M Owner Earnings, $290M (83%) went back to shareholders, $0 dividends, $290M buybacks. Net of $234M stock comp, the real buyback was about $56M. Returning most of it is the mark of a mature business with little left to reinvest at a high return; reinvesting most could mean a long runway, or empire-building. The split doesn't say which; the return earned on it (see ROIC) does. This year's proportion is 83%; across the record (2017–2026) it is 69%, the capital-allocation section below.

• Investing or harvesting? 0.18×
  Harvesting
  Capex $6M ÷ depreciation $33M
  What this means

  Descriptive, not a grade. Above ~1× means investing faster than assets wear out (growth, or, sustained for years, today's earnings carrying less depreciation than tomorrow's will). Below means spending less than it's wearing out (efficiency, or a melting asset base). The ratio won't tell you which; the filings will.

The promise and the pay packet

• How much of next year is already sold? 77%
  Most of next year is contracted
  Contracted and not yet earned $1.7B, of which the filing expects 53% within twelve months = $906M against revenue of $1.2B
  What this means

  Remaining performance obligations are revenue the customer has committed to and the company has not yet earned — the nearest thing a software business has to an insurer's float. The headline total is a duration figure and can mislead badly on its own, because a contract signed for seven years counts the same as one signed for one. What matters is the part the filing itself expects to recognise within twelve months, shown here against a year of revenue. Where a company does not tag that band, both figures are withheld rather than shown half-told.

• What does winning a customer cost? 34%
  Heavy selling cost
  Selling and marketing $404M ÷ revenue $1.2B
  What this means

  Sales and marketing as a share of revenue, kept apart from administrative overhead because it answers a different question: how much a business must spend to win the next customer. A company whose product pulls customers in spends little here and keeps the difference; one that must buy its growth is running to stand still, and the spending has to keep rising for revenue to keep rising. Read it beside the growth rate, not alone.

• Is the buyback buying ownership, or mopping up? 19.9%
  The buyback only stands still
  Stock compensation $234M (fiscal 2026), 19.9% of revenue · repurchases $290M · diluted shares -0.7% since 2023
  What this means

  Stock handed to employees is a real cost paid in the owner's own currency: it is charged against profit, but the shares it creates are permanent. Many companies repurchase stock at the same time, which looks like a return of capital and often is not — if the count barely moves, the cash merely cancelled the pay packet and bought the owner nothing. The three states worth telling apart are a count genuinely shrinking, a count standing still despite large repurchases, and a count rising because the issuance was never offset at all.

Graham’s defensive tests · 0 of 4 met

Graham’s numerical criteria for the defensive investor (The Intelligent Investor, ch. 14), run on the filings. A floor of safety, not a buy signal; many fine modern businesses fail his strictest liquidity rules by design.

• Adequate size Near
  Revenue ≥ $2B · $1.2B
  What this means

  Big enough to weather a storm. Graham's 1972 floor was ~$100M of sales (≈ $700M today); we use a $2B revenue line as a conservative modern stand-in.

• Strong liquidity Miss
  Current ratio ≥ 2× · 1.11×
  What this means

  Current assets at least twice current liabilities, near-term bills covered without touching the business. Strict by design: many cash-rich modern firms run leaner and miss it, holding their cushion in longer-dated securities.

• Conservative debt Miss
  Debt ≤ working capital · $451M vs $89M WC
  What this means

  Graham's rule that borrowings not exceed net current assets. Capital-heavy and buyback-heavy firms routinely fail it, read it next to interest coverage, not alone.

• Earnings stability Miss
  A profit every year (10-yr record) · 6 loss years
  What this means

  Graham wanted earnings in each of the past ten years, the stability a defensive owner leans on.

• Dividend record —
  Uninterrupted dividends · no dividend line tagged in the data
  What this means

  An unbroken dividend was Graham's mark of durability. This record carries no dividends-paid line in any year — common for partnerships, whose distributions file under tags the chain doesn't read — so the criterion is withheld rather than judged on silence.

• Earnings growth —
  Earnings +33% over the record · —
  What this means

  Earnings were negative early in the record, a growth rate isn't meaningful.

• Moderate price —
  P/E ≤ 15 and P/E × P/B ≤ 22.5 · decided by the price
  What this means

  Graham's valuation gate, the wall he kept between a sound business and a sound investment. Three-year average earnings are $1.18/share (latest year $0.83), the averaged base the calculator's gate runs on, and book value is $-2.16/share. Enter a price in “What the price implies” just below for the P/E, P/B, and whether it clears. But this is the rule Buffett outgrew: there's no hard P/E law, and a wonderful business can deserve a far richer multiple if the thesis holds, treat it as the bargain-hunter's floor, not a verdict on the price.

Durability & moat, 2017–2026

Whether the record’s returns held, and what the capital reinvested earned.

• Profitable years 4 of 10
  What this means

  Lost money in 6 year(s), look at what happened there before trusting the average.

• Operating margin −30% → 6% (3-yr avg ends)
  What this means

  Through the cycle the operating margin widened — about −30% early to 6% lately, median −5% — pricing power intact or improving.

• Owner earnings growth +68%/yr
  What this means

  Owner earnings grew about 68% a year over the record.

• Worst year 2017 · −37.8% op. margin
  What this means

  Operations went underwater in 2017, understand why before trusting the good years.

• Share count +1.8%/yr
  What this means

  The share count is rising, dilution works against you on a per-share basis.

• How management talks about it Owner’s terms
  What this means

  The record and the register agree: capital is compounding and the filing reasons in an owner’s terms — per-share value, return on capital, the long term — not a promoter’s.